Climate Change and Regional Development in South Africa: Exploring Emerging Research Trends

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi75.897

Keywords:

regional development, climate change, South Africa, Systematic review, climate adaptation

Abstract

Regional development in South Africa is currently undergoing significant transformation as climate change increasingly impacts local economies and governance structures. Notably, the country has not yet fully implemented any climate change legislation, with the Climate Change Act only receiving presidential assent on March 17, 2025. As a result, climate change does not prominently feature in South Africa's research and policy agendas. Adaptation and mitigation efforts frequently arise from pressures unrelated to climate change, leading to fragmented and inconsistent approaches. In an effort to contribute to the current lack of research on climate change and regional development within South Africa, this study conducts a systematic review that examines the 20 most recent Scopus-indexed articles that explore the intersection of regional development and climate change in South Africa. In rapidly evolving fields like climate change, up-to-date research provides essential insights into the latest advancements and shifts in the area of study, making it crucial for a comprehensive review. This study ultimately enhances our understanding of the relationship between regional development and climate change in South Africa by identifying key themes, addressing critical gaps, and outlining effective pathways for the future.

References

Adeola, A. M., Kruger, A., Makgoale, T. E., & Botai, J. O. (2022). Observed trends and projections of temperature and precipitation in the Olifants River Catchment in South Africa. PLoS One, 17(8), e0271974.

Adom, R. K., Simatele, M. D., Das, D. K., Mukalazi, K. A., Sonwabo, M., Mudau, L., & Zhou, L. (2023). Enhancing climate change adaptation governance through transforming institutions in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, South Africa. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 16(4), 413–438.

Agyarko, R. K. D., Kithinji, D., & Nsarhaza, K. B. (2025). Climate change and the rise of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in Africa: A literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(6), 903.

Alemaw, B. F., & Simatele, D. (2020). Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation into sustainable development planning: The policy dimension. In J. I. Matondo, B. F. Alemaw, & W. J. P. Sandwidi (Eds.), Climate variability and change in Africa: Perspectives, experiences and sustainability (pp. 191–208). Springer.

Anekwe, I. M. S., Ashiegbu, D., Isa, Y. M., & Potgieter, H. (2025). Circular economy and energy transition: A review of South Africa’s 5-year just energy transition investment plan (JET-IP). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 30(6), 48.

Arndt, C., Gabriel, S., Hartley, F., Strzepek, K. M., & Thomas, T. S. (2021). Climate change and the green transition in South Africa. In A. Oqubay, F. Tregenna, & I. Valodia (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the South African economy (pp. 323–345). Oxford University Press.

Asante, P. A., Rahn, E., Anten, N. P., Zuidema, P. A., Morales, A., & Rozendaal, D. M. (2025). Climate change impacts on cocoa production in the major producing countries of West and Central Africa by mid-century. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 362, 110393.

Averchenkova, A., Gannon, K. E., & Curran, P. (2019). Governance of climate change policy: A case study of South Africa. Policy Report. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bedeke, S. B. (2023). Climate change vulnerability and adaptation of crop producers in sub-Saharan Africa: A review on concepts, approaches and methods. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(2), 1017–1051.

Cai, Y. (2025). How does climate change affect regional sustainable development? Empirical evidence from 186 countries around the world. International Review of Economics & Finance, 99, 104047.

Caldwell, P. H., & Bennett, T. (2020). Easy guide to conducting a systematic review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(6), 853–856.

Callaghan, M., Schleussner, C.-F., Nath, S., Minx, J. C., Frieler, K., Ciavarella, A., Fischer, E. M., Matthews, H. D., Mengel, M., Mansour, W., Foote, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Tignor, M., & Weyer, N. M. (2021). Machine-learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies. Nature Climate Change, 11, 966–972.

Chauke, H., & Pongrácz, R. (2025). Monthly scale validation of climate models’ outputs against gridded data over South Africa. Atmosphere, 16(10), 1200.

Codjoe, S. N., & Atiglo, D. Y. (2020). The implications of extreme weather events for attaining the sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Climate, 2, 592658. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2020.592658

Dany, V., & Lebel, L. (2020). Integrating concerns with climate change into local development planning in Cambodia. Review of Policy Research, 37(2), 221–243.

de Bruyn, C., Kirsten, J. F., & Pretorius, M. (2025). Climate vulnerability assessment of South African capital cities using multidimensional indicators. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 747.

Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2022). Flooding trends and their impacts on coastal communities of Western Cape Province, South Africa. GeoJournal, 87(Suppl. 4), 453–468.

Dzawanda, B., Chapungu, L., Maoela, M. A., Matsa, M., & Mapitsa, C. (2024). The trends and drivers of climate change vulnerability in rural Southern Africa. In M. Matsa, L. Chapungu, & G. Nhamo (Eds.), Climate change resilience in rural Southern Africa: Dynamics, prospects and challenges (pp. 31–48). Springer.

Engelbrecht, F. A., Steinkopf, J., Padavatan, J., & Midgley, G. F. (2022). Projections of future climate change in southern Africa and the potential for regional tipping points. In G. P. von Maltitz, G. F. Midgley, J. Cartwright, A. Gillson, & T. E. Jewitt (Eds.), Sustainability of southern African ecosystems under global change (Ecological Studies, Vol. 248, pp. 191–230). Springer.

Engelbrecht, F. A., Steinkopf, J., Chang, N., Biskop, S., Malherbe, J., Engelbrecht, C. J., & McGregor, J. L. (2025). Extreme event attribution using km-scale simulations reveals the pronounced role of climate change in the Durban floods. Communications Earth & Environment, 6(1), 506.

Eriksen, S., Schipper, E. L. F., Scoville-Simonds, M., Vincent, K., Adam, H. N., Brooks, N., & West, J. J. (2021). Adaptation interventions and their effect on vulnerability in developing countries: Help, hindrance or irrelevance? World Development, 141, 105383.

Fajinmi, O. O., Mabhaudhi, T., & Van Staden, J. (2025). Biodiversity conservation, a crucial step towards food and nutritional security, food justice and climate change resilience in Africa. Plants, 14(17), 2649.

Faradiba, F., & Zet, L. (2020). The impact of climate factors, disaster, and social community in rural development. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 707–717.

Favretto, N., & Stringer, L. C. (2026). Evidence-based steps towards climate resilient development pathways: Insights across levels and sectors. Global Environmental Change, 97, 103130.

Gadu, S. E., Adom, R. K., & Simatele, M. D. (2024). Mind the gap: The fissure between aspirations and actions in climate change governance at a local government level: A study of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Climate Resilience and Sustainability, 3(2), e72.

Gadu, S. E., Adom, R. K., & Simatele, M. D. (2025). The complex task of evaluating the institutional adaptive capacity to climate change at local government level: A study of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Climate Resilience and Sustainability, 4(1), e70003.

Gasparrini, A., Guo, Y., Sera, F., Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., Huber, V., Tong, S., de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, M., Nascimento Saldiva, P. H., Lavigne, E., Matus Correa, P., Valdes Ortega, N., Kan, H., Osorio, S., Kyselý, J., Urban, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., Ryti, N. R. I., Pascal, M., Goodman, P. G., & Armstrong, B. (2017). Projections of temperature-related excess mortality under climate change scenarios. The Lancet Planetary Health, 1(9), e360–e367.

Gbetibouo, G. A., Ringler, C., & Hassan, R. (2010). Vulnerability of the South African farming sector to climate change and variability: An indicator approach. Natural Resources Forum, 34(3), 175–187.

Ghio, D., Goujon, A., Natale, F., Alfredo, A., & Petroliagkis, T. (2023). Assessing populations exposed to climate change: A focus on Africa in a global context. Population and Environment, 45(4), 28.

Gxokwe, S., Dube, T., Mazvimavi, D., & Grenfell, M. (2022). Using cloud computing techniques to monitor long-term variations in ecohydrological dynamics of small seasonally-flooded wetlands in semi-arid South Africa. Journal of Hydrology, 612, 128080.

Hancock, K. J. (2024). Electric regionalism: Path dependence, development, and the African power pools. Review of Policy Research, 41(2), 347–368.

He, B., & Ding, K. J. (2023). Global greenhouse gases emissions effect on extreme events under an uncertain future: A case study in Western Cape, South Africa. PLoS Climate, 2(1), e0000107.

Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., & Mulrow, C. (2015). The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: Checklist and explanations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(11), 777–784.

Iliyasu, J., & Mamman, S. O. (2025). Climate change and human economic misery in West Africa: Evidence from a tail-dependence model. Climate and Development, 17(7), 648–656.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023a). Climate change 2022 – Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023b). Africa. In H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, & B. Rama (Eds.), Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1285–1456). Cambridge University Press.

Irie, K., Nagamine, T., & Masuda, M. (2025). Role and perspectives of plant genetic resources for guaranteeing sustainable crop production in developing countries. In K. Irie, T. Nagamine, & M. Masuda (Eds.), Plant genetic resources (PGR) for sustainable crop production: SATREPS projects tackling global warming and environmental extremes in developing countries (pp. 149–152). Springer Nature Singapore.

Kapwata, T., Abdelatif, N., Scovronick, N., Gebreslasie, M. T., Acquaotta, F., & Wright, C. Y. (2024). Identifying heat thresholds for South Africa towards the development of a heat-health warning system. International Journal of Biometeorology, 68(2), 381–392.

Karahasan, B. C., & Pinar, M. (2023). Climate change and spatial agricultural development in Turkey. Review of Development Economics, 27(3), 1699–1720.

Khobai, H., & Sithole, K. (2022). The relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in South Africa. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(2), 516–525.

Khomsi, K., El Wakil, R., Nwaigwe, C. O., Mateyisi, M., & Nangombe, S. S. (2023). Current and projected climate changes in African subregions. In R. Hamid & M. Haboubi (Eds.), Impact of climate change on health in Africa: A focus on liver and gastrointestinal tract (pp. 21–52). Springer International Publishing.

Kim, K. G. (2018). Integrated planning approach to climate resilient and low-carbon smart cities: Process and methods. In K. G. Kim (Ed.), Low-carbon smart cities: Tools for climate resilience planning (pp. 87–176). Springer International Publishing.

Leonard, L. (2023). Climate change, mining development and residential water security in the uMkhanyakude District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A double catastrophe for local communities. Local Environment, 28(3), 331–346.

Liu, J., Hull, V., Godfray, H. C. J., Tilman, D., Gleick, P., Hoff, H., & Li, S. (2018). Nexus approaches to global sustainable development. Nature Sustainability, 1(9), 466–476.

Magazzino, C., Gattone, T., Usman, M., & Valente, D. (2024). Unleashing the power of innovation and sustainability: Transforming cereal production in the BRICS countries. Ecological Indicators, 167, 112618.

Magos Brehm, J., Gaisberger, H., Kell, S., Parra-Quijano, M., Thormann, I., Dulloo, M. E., & Maxted, N. (2022). Planning complementary conservation of crop wild relative diversity in southern Africa. Diversity and Distributions, 28(7), 1358–1372.

Makungo, R., & Nkuna, T. R. (2023). Prioritising climate coping and adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers in Luvuvhu River Catchment, South Africa. Climate Services, 30, 100361.

Mall, R. K., Gupta, A., & Sonkar, G. (2017). Effect of climate change on agricultural crops. In S. K. Dubey, A. Tripathi, & S. N. Upadhyay (Eds.), Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 23–46). Elsevier.

Mandavya, G., Atreya, G., Kucharski, J., Watson, A., Najibi, N., Verbist, K., & Ray, P. (2025). Shifting patterns in the weather regimes that drive regional drought: Demonstration for South Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 45(9), e8866.

Mathu, K. (2014). Towards greening the South African coal supply chain. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27), 1632-1643.

Mba, C., Diop, N. N., Diulgheroff, S., Furman, B., Hugo, W., McGuire, S., & Sivasankar, S. (2024). Managing plant genetic resources for food and agriculture as global commonwealth. In M. Torero, J. von Braun, & F. Ceres (Eds.), Transformation of agri-food systems (pp. 63–76). Springer Nature Singapore.

Milner, K. A. (2015). Systematic reviews. Oncology Nursing Forum, 42(1), 98–99.

Monteiro, P. M., & Midgley, G. F. (2023). Building a carbon dioxide removal science–policy partnership for southern Africa. South African Journal of Science, 119(9–10).

Mukheibir, P., & Ziervogel, G. (2007). Developing a Municipal Adaptation Plan (MAP) for climate change: The city of Cape Town. Environment and Urbanization, 19(1), 143–158.

Mutanga, S. S., Mantlana, B. K., Mudavanhu, S., Muthige, M. S., Skhosana, F. V., Lumsden, T., & John, J. (2024). Implementation of water energy food-health nexus in a climate constrained world: A review for South Africa. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1307972.

Muyambo, F., Belle, J., Nyam, Y. S., & Orimoloye, I. R. (2023). Climate-change-induced weather events and implications for urban water resource management in the Free State Province of South Africa. Environmental Management, 71(1), 40–54.

Ndlela, T., Sifundza, L. S., Beckedahl, H., Kapwata, T., Laban, T. L., Mahlangeni, N., & Wright, C. Y. (2026). Analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in Eswatini from 1981 to 2020: A perspective of climate change and variability. South African Journal of Science, 122(1–2), 1–8.

Obasa, A. E., Botes, M., & Palk, A. C. (2023). Collective responsibility during a cholera outbreak: The case of Hammanskraal. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law, 16(3), 99–104.

Olutola, O. (2019). Nigeria–South Africa relations in the context of climate change: Prospects and challenges. In O. Olutola (Ed.), Nigeria–South Africa relations and regional hegemonic competence (pp. 71–86). Springer.

Omotoso, A. B., Letsoalo, S., Olagunju, K. O., Tshwene, C. S., & Omotayo, A. O. (2023). Climate change and variability in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of trends and impacts on agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 414, 137487.

Onbargi, A. F. (2024). The climate change–inequality nexus: Towards environmental and socio-ecological inequalities with a focus on human capabilities. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 19(1), 163–170.

Page, M. J., Moher, D., Brennan, S., & McKenzie, J. E. (2023). The PRISMATIC project: Protocol for a research programme on novel methods to improve reporting and peer review of systematic reviews of health evidence. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 196.

Pietruśińska-Radzio, A., Bolc, P., Tratwal, A., & Dziubińska, D. (2025). The role of plant genetic resources and grain variety mixtures in building sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change. Sustainability, 17(21), 9737.

Radebe, S., & Clark, M. D. (2026). A near-surface groundwater prospectivity model for the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa derived from multivariate machine learning. Applied Water Science, 16(1), 1.

Republic of South Africa. (2024). Climate Change Act No. 22 of 2024 (Government Gazette No. 50697). Government Printer.

Roberts, D. (2019). Summary for policymakers. In H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, & N. M. Weyer (Eds.), IPCC special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate (pp. 3–35). Cambridge University Press.

Rother, H. A., Hayward, R. A., Paulson, J. A., Etzel, R. A., Shelton, M., & Theron, L. C. (2022). Impact of extreme weather events on sub-Saharan African child and adolescent mental health: The implications of a systematic review of sparse research findings. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 5, 100087.

Santhia, D., Shackleton, S., & Pereira, T. (2018). Mainstreaming sustainable adaptation to climate change into municipal planning: An analysis from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 35(4), 589–608.

Sibiya, N. P., Das, D. K., Vogel, C., Mazinyo, S. P., Zhou, L., Kalumba, M. A., Sithole, M., Adom, R. K., & Simatele, M. D. (2023). Overcoming bureaucratic resistance: An analysis of barriers to climate change adaptation in South Africa. Climate, 11(7), 145.

Sigauke, C., & Ravele, T. (2024). Estimating concurrent probabilities of compound extremes: An analysis of temperature and rainfall events in the Limpopo lowveld region of South Africa. Atmosphere, 15(5), 557.

Sintayehu, D. W. (2018). Impact of climate change on biodiversity and associated key ecosystem services in Africa: A systematic review. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 4(9), 225–239.

Sorgho, R., Bhatt, M., Danquah, I., & Sauerborn, R. (2023). Institutional barriers to climate change and health adaptation in Burkina Faso. Climate and Development, 15(7), 578–589.

South African National Biodiversity Institute. (2019). National Biodiversity Assessment 2019: The status of South Africa’s biodiversity. SANBI.

South African Weather Service. (2023). Annual state of the climate of South Africa 2022. South African Weather Service.

Stockholm Environment Institute. (2024). Just energy transition in South Africa: Progress and gaps in implementation (SEI Policy Brief). Stockholm Environment Institute.

Stott, P. A., Christidis, N., Otto, F. E., Sun, Y., Vanderlinden, J. P., van Oldenborgh, G. J., & Zwiers, F. W. (2016). Attribution of extreme weather and climate-related events. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 7(1), 23–41.

Stuch, B., Alcamo, J., & Schaldach, R. (2021). Projected climate change impacts on mean and year-to-year variability of yield of key smallholder crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Climate and Development, 13(3), 268–282.

Tanner, T., & Horn-Phathanothai, L. (2014). Climate change and development. Routledge.

Tidiane Ndour, C., Diop, W., & Asongu, S. (2025). The effect of natural disasters on food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Social Responsibility Journal, 21(1), 180–197.

Trisos, C., Adelekan, I., Totin, E., Ayanlade, A., Efitre, J., Gemeda, A., & Thorn, J. (2022). Africa. In H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, & B. Rama (Eds.), Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1285–1455). Cambridge University Press.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2015). Paris Agreement. UNFCCC.

Witter, S., Palmer, N., Jouhaud, R., Zaidi, S., Carillon, S., English, R., & Blanchet, K. (2025). Understanding the political economy of reforming global health initiatives: Insights from global and country levels. Globalization and Health, 21(1), 40.

Xaba, N. (2025). Evaluating the implementation of South Africa’s just energy transition in coal regions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 14(2), e70009.

Yıldıran, N., Akyol, İ. A., & Işık, M. A. (2025). Harnessing solar energy: Feasibility assessment of 75 MW solar PV plant in a community in South Africa. Renewable Energy, 253, 123475.

Zheng, S., Yang, J., Chen, C., & Wu, B. (2023). Embodied carbon accounting for forest industry trade in BRICS countries: An MRIO modeling approach. Sustainability, 15(16), 12503.

Zhou, L., Matsa, M., & Dzvene, A. R. (2024). A systematic review of climate change mitigation policies in Southern Africa. In M. Matsa, L. Chapungu, & G. Nhamo (Eds.), Climate change resilience in rural Southern Africa: Dynamics, prospects and challenges (pp. 181–200). Springer.

Ziervogel, G., New, M., Archer van Garderen, E., Midgley, G., Taylor, A., Hamann, R., Stuart-Hill, S., Myers, J., & Warburton, M. (2014). Climate change impacts and adaptation in South Africa. WIREs Climate Change, 5(5), 605–620.

Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., Westra, S., Bevacqua, E., Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., & Vignotto, E. (2020). A typology of compound weather and climate events. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1(7), 333–347.

Downloads

Published

17-08-2026

How to Cite

de Bruyn, C., Castanho, R. A. ., & Jurado Almonte, J. M. . (2026). Climate Change and Regional Development in South Africa: Exploring Emerging Research Trends. RPER, (75), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi75.897