In the Gothic itinerary: preserving and revitalizing the historic centre of Santarém through cultural and creative tourism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi71.713Keywords:
Cultural and creative tourism, Heritage, Historic centre, Santarém, Gothic.Abstract
The historic centres of ancient cities require constant optimisation of their functions. This implies a continual search for a compromise between preserving heritage elements that narrate the city’s history and the need to enhance their visibility and adapt their uses to contemporary needs. The growing preference for experiences that emphasise local identity and heritage, such as cultural and creative tourism, reflects an emerging trend. This article examines the potential of cultural and creative tourism in the historic city centre of Santarém as a means of enhancing local heritage and culture. To this end, empirical research was conducted to understand how culture and creativity, when combined with tourism, can contribute to the preservation, dynamisation, and attractiveness of the heritage in the city's historic centre. The findings suggest that, although the Gothic heritage is recognised for its historical and distinctive value on a regional and national scale, it is essential for responsible stakeholders to adopt concerted strategies capable of achieving a sustainable, inclusive, and balanced revitalisation of Santarém's historic centre.
References
Al-Ababneh, M. (2019). Creative cultural tourism as a new model for cultural tourism. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 6(2), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.31.2019.62.109.118
AYRES, L. (2008) Narrative Text. In GIVEN, Lisa M. (ed.) - The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, p. 545- 546
Arcos-Pumarola, J., Paquin, A. G., & Sitges, M. H. (2023). The use of intangible heritage and creative industries as a tourism asset in the UNESCO creative cities network. Heliyon, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13106
Bak, S., Min, C. K., & Roh, T. S. (2019). Impacts of UNESCO-listed tangible and intangible heritages on tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(8), 917-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1658034
Boccella, N., & Salerno, I. (2016). Creative Economy, Cultural Industries and Local Development. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 223, 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.370
Câmara Municipal de Santarém (CMS). (2015). Plano de Ação para o Centro Histórico de Santarém [Action Plan for the Historic Centre of Santarém]. https://www.cm-santarem.pt/?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=1543&Itemid=1070, accessed on September 2023.
Câmara Municipal de Santarém. (2016). Programa Estratégico de Reabilitação Urbana do Planalto de Santarém [Strategic Urban Rehabilitation Programme of the Santarém Plateau]. https://www.cm-santarem.pt/servicos-municipais/urbanismo/instrumentos-de-planeamento/areas-de-reabilitacao-urbana/category/66-aru-planalto-santarem#, accessed on September 2023.
Câmara Municipal de Santarém. (2019). Diagnóstico social do Município de Santarém 2018/2021 [Social Diagnosis of the Municipality of Santarém 2018/2021]. Divisão de Ação Social e Saúde / Câmara Municipal de Santarém. https://www.cm-santarem.pt/servicos-municipais/acao-social-saude/outros-documentos#, accessed on September 2023.
CLANDININ, J.; CAINE, V. (2008) Narrative Inquiry. In GIVEN, Lisa M. (ed.) - The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2008, p. 542-545.
Correio do Ribatejo. (2020, julho). Revitalização do Centro Histórico é “desafio coletivo” [The Revitalisation of the Historic Center is a collective challenge]. Correio do Ribatejo. https://correiodoribatejo.pt/revitalizacao-do-centro-historico-e-desafio-colectivo-2/, accessed on August 2023.
Custódio, J. (coord.) (1996). Santarém Cidade do Mundo [Santarém: City of the World] (Vol. I & II) Santarém: Câmara Municipal de Santarém.
Della Lucia, M., Trunfio, M., & Go, F. M. (2017). Heritage and urban regeneration: Towards creative tourism. In N. Bellini & C. Pasquinelli (Eds.), Tourism in the city (pp. 175-186). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26877-4_12
Della Spina, L. (2019). Multidimensional Assessment for “Culture-Led” and “Community-Driven” Urban Regeneration as Driver for Trigger Economic Vitality in Urban Historic Centers. Sustainability, 11, 7237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247237
Diário da República. (2012). Anúncio n.º 13747/2012, Diário da República, 2.ª série — N.º 231 — 29 de novembro de 2012: Procedimento de classificação do Centro Histórico de Santarém e respetiva zona especial de proteção provisória [Classification procedure for the Historical Centre of Santarém and its provisional special protection zone]
Direção Geral do Território (DGT). (2014). Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal [Portugal's Official Administrative Chart]
Domusrehabita (2013). Área de Reabilitação Urbana (ARU) da Ribeira de Santarém e Alfange | Operação de reabilitação urbana sistemática [Ribeira de Santarém and Alfange Urban Rehabilitation Area | Systematic urban rehabilitation operation]. https://www.cimlt.eu/todos-os-documentos/1365-doc-san02/file
Duxbury, N., Bakas, F. E., Vinagre de Castro, T., & Silva, S. (2020). Creative Tourism Development Models towards Sustainable and Regenerative Tourism. Sustainability, 13(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010002
Fontal Merillas, O. (2016). Educación patrimonial: retrospectiva y prospectivas para la próxima década [Heritage education: Retrospectives and prospects for the next decade]. Estudios Pedagógicos (Valdivia), 42(2), 415-436. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052016000200024
Fraser, M. T. D., & Gondim, S. M. G. (2004). Da fala do outro ao texto negociado: Discussões sobre a entrevista na pesquisa qualitativa [From the speech of the other to the negotiated text: Discussions about the interview in qualitative research]. Paidéia, 14(28), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2004000200004
Füller, H., & Michel, B. (2014). ‘Stop Being a Tourist!’ New Dynamics of Urban Tourism in Berlin-Kreuzberg. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(4), 1304–1318. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12124
Gato, M. A., Costa, P., Cruz, A. R., & Perestrelo, M. (2022). Creative tourism as boosting tool for placemaking strategies in peripheral areas: Insights from Portugal. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(8), 1500-1518. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020934045
Goodwin, H. (2019). Barcelona – crowding out the locals: a model for tourism management? In R. Dodds & R. Butler (Eds.), Overtourism Issues, realities and solutions (pp. 125-138). De Gruyter Oldenbourg. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110607369-009
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) [National Institute of Statistics] (2022). Resultados dos Censos 2021 – População Residente [Results of the 2021 Census - Resident Population]. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P. https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0010745&s elTab=tab0, accessed on July 2023.
Ivanunik, V., Krul, H., & Bryk, S. (2021). Assessment of the impact and interrelation of UNESCO World Heritage on the tourism attractiveness of the country. Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society. DOI:10.24917/20801653.353.12
Jurėnienė, V. (2016). Interaction between cultural/creative tourism and tourism/cultural heritage industries. Tourism-from empirical research towards practical application, 137-157. DOI:10.5772/61385
Milano, C. (2018). Overtourism, Social Unrest and Tourismphobia. A controversial debate. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 18(3), 551–564. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.041
Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J. M. (2019). Overtourism and Tourismphobia: A Journey Through Four Decades of Tourism Development, Planning and Local Concerns. Tourism Planning and Development, 8316. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1599604
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2014). Tourism and the Creative Economy. Paris: OCDE. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/tourism-and-the-creative-economy_9789264207875-en#page7
Pastor Pérez, A. (2018). Shaping community heritage synergies between Roman Barcelona spaces and the Gothic neighborhood. In V. Apaydin (Ed.), Shared knowledge, shared power (pp. 63-77). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68652-3_5
Pérez Guilarte, Y., & González, R. C. L. (2018). Sustainability and visitor management in tourist historic cities: The case of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(6), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2018.1435665
Pica, V. (2019). Small Historic City Centers of Mediterranean Europe: Critical Points and Potentialities for Environmental Sustainability. In: Amoruso, G., Salerno, R. (Eds) Cultural Landscape in Practice. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11422-0_16
Pimenta, C. A. M., Cadima Ribeiro, J. e Remoaldo, P. (2021). The relationship between creative tourism and local development: a bibliometric approach for the period 2009-2019. Tourism & Management Studies, 17(1), 5-18. DOI: 10.18089/tms.2021.170101
Pinto, R., & Veiga, A. (coord.) (2004). Santarém – Capital do Gótico [Santarém - The Gothic Capital]. Santarém: Héstia Editores
Rabazauskaitė, V. (2015). Revitalisation of public spaces in the context of creative tourism. Creativity Studies, 8(2), 124-133. DOI: 10.3846/23450479.2015.1053543
Richards, G. (2009). Creative tourism and local development. Creative Tourism: A global conversation, 78-90.
Richards, G. (2014). Creativity and tourism in the city. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(2), 11-144. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2013.783794
Richards, G. (2017). The development of creative tourism in Asia. In C. Silver, L. Marques, H. Hanan, & I. Widiastuti (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Arte-Polis: Imagining experience: Creative tourism and the making of place (pp. ix-xiv). Springer
Richards, G. (2018) Tourism, an Underestimated Driving Force for the Creative Economy. Revista Turismo em Análise. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-4867.v29i3p387-395
Richards, G. (2019). Creative tourism: opportunities for smaller places? Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2019.15SI01
Richards, G. (2020). Designing creative places: The role of creative tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 85. Doi:10.1016/j.annals.2020.102922
Richards, G. (2021). Business models for creative tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 19(1), 1-13. https://johat.org/2021-vol-19-no-1-chapters/
Richards, G. & Duif, L. (2019) Small Cities with Big Dreams: Creative Placemaking and Branding Strategies. Routledge. DOI:10.4324/9781351201193
Richards, G., & Raymond, C. (2000). Creative tourism. ATLAS news, 23(8), 16-20.
Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture? Tourism Management, 27(6), 1209-1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.002
Ruiz-Jaramillo, J., García-Pulido, L.J., Montiel-Vega, L., Muñoz-Gonzalez, C.M. & Joyanes-Diaz, M.D. (2023). The potential of defensive architectural heritage as a resource for proposing cultural itineraries. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 13(2), 288-316. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-01-2021-0007
Salerno, G.-M., & Russo, A. P. (2020). Venice as a short-term city. Between global trends and local lock-ins. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1860068
Seraphin, H., Sheeran, P., & Pilato, M. (2018). Over-tourism and the fall of Venice as a destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 374–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.01.011
Serra, J., Marujo, N., Duxbury, N., Goncalves, A. R., Cabeca, S. M., Remoaldo, P., & Alves, J. (2021). Domestic and international creative tourists in Portugal: Insights for practitioners. Creative Tourism: Activating Cultural Resources and Engaging Creative Travellers, 30. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789243536.0004
Shubbar, F., & Boussaa, D. (2022). The role of cultural heritage tourism in regenerating old Muharraq in Bahrain. Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA, 5(1), 606–616. https://doi.org/10.38027/ICCAUA2022EN0089
Sousa, R. P. M., Netto, C. X. A., & Oliveira, B. M. J. F. (2019). A efetividade dos mecanismos de proteção do patrimônio cultural na preservação da memória coletiva [The effectiveness of cultural heritage protection mechanisms in preserving collective memory]. InCID: Revista de Ciência da Informação e Documentação, 9(2), 27-47. http://www.revistas.usp.br/incid/article/view/138351/148265
Su, M. M., Wall, G., Wang, Y., & Jin, M. (2019). Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination-Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China. Tourism Management, 71, 272-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.019
Tavares, A., Feitosa, M. J., & Costa, A. (2018). Diagnóstico de equilíbrios entre património, habitação e turismo em centros históricos: Os casos de estudo do Porto (Portugal) e de Salvador (Brasil) [Diagnosis of balance between heritage, housing, and tourism in historic centers: The case studies of Porto (Portugal) and Salvador (Brazil)]. Conservar Património, 28, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2017019
Tourism & Hospitality Consulting (THC). (2018). Plano Estratégico de Valorização Turística (PEVT) para o Município de Santarém [Tourism Strategic Enhancement Plan for the Municipality of Santarém]. https://www.cm-santarem.pt/servicos-municipais/planeamento-estrategico/turismo
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2016). Creative Cities Network Réseau des villes créatives. https://fr.unesco.org/creative-cities/sites/creative-cities/files/creative cities for web.pdf
Veal, A. J. (2018) Research methods for leisure and tourism, UK, Pearson Education Limited. https://nibmehub.com/opac-service/pdf/read/Research%20Methods%20for%20Leisure%20and%20Tourism.pdf
Viver Santarém (2012). Estratégia de Reabilitação Urbana do Planalto de Santarém 2013-2027 [Urban Rehabilitation Strategy of the Santarém Plateau 2013-2027]. https://www.cm-santarem.pt/servicos-municipais/obras-projetos/centro-historico/arus/category/66-aru-planalto-santarem
Wang, M., Bai, X., & Su, M. (2022). Heritage tourism evolution in Guangfu Ancient City, Hebei Province, China: an analysis with the improved creative destruction model. Built Heritage, 6(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-022-00074-w
Yang, X. (2017). Industrial heritage tourism development and city image reconstruction in Chinese traditional industrial cities: A web content analysis. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 12(3), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2016.1236800
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
RPER is the official journal of the 